انواع عسل طبیعی با توجه به فصل برداشت و منطقه تولید
همان طور که گل ها از لحاظ اندازه، رنگ، شکل و بو با هم تفاوت دارند، شهد آن ها نیز متنوع است. در واقع رنگ و طعم انواع عسل دامنه ای به وسعت عطر و بوی گلها دارد. عسل با داشتن این ویژگی بی نظیر طبیعی، از نظر غذایی و تا حدودی دارویی از سایر غذاها متمایز است. زنبورداران به این موضوع واقف اند و کوشش می کنند تا عسل را در جذاب ترین شکل ممکن به مشتریان عرضه کنند؛ به همین خاطر ما در این مقاله انواع عسل ها و خواص انواع عسل ها را برای شما بیان می کنیم.
طبیعت در عسل گران بها ترین هدیه ها را برا ما گردآوری نموده است این سرمایه بزرگ برای وجود انسان هنوز هم بسیار کم شناخته شده یا به شایستگی ارزش یابی نشده است
بر طبق تعاریف موجود در کشورهای پیشرفته و کشور ما ایران عسل به شهد گل ها اطلاق می شود که زنبور عسل پس از تغذیه از گیاهان مختلف ساخته باشد. حال اگر زنبوری به جای شهد گل ها از قند سفید یا شکر استفاده نماید فرآورده آن را نمی توان عسل طبیعی نامید.
زنبوران عسل دارای نیروی ذاتی هستند که گل های مفید را از غیرمفید تشخیص می دهند، آنها با علاقه فراوان سراغ تمام گیاهان طبی و گل های شفابخش می روند و عصاره ی این گل های قشنگ و مفید را گرفته و به بهترین شکل در اختیار ما قرار می دهند. این عسل کاملا طبیعی و سرشار از مواد غذایی و حیات بخش بوده و می تواند عمده نیازهای غذایی را برطرف کند، زیرا که تمام عناصر و املاح و ویتامین های را که گل فراهم می کند و زنبور می پروراند و آن را قابل جذب در خون می سازد را دارا می باشد.
به درستی معلوم نیست که یک کلنی زنبور عسل، برای ادامه زندگی در طول سال به چه مقدار عسل نیاز دارد. اما در عمل، از یک کلنی نسبتا خوب، سالانه حدود ۴۵ کیلوگرم عسل مازاد بر نیاز کلنی برای زنبوردار قابل برداشت است البته نه در میانگین شرایط ایران، زیرا میانگین تولید عسل شهد به ازای هر کندو در ایران حدود ۱۰ کیلوگرم یا کمتر است. به طور کلی توصیه می شود که در هر زمان از سال، ۷ تا ۹ کیلوگرم عسل درون کلنی و در اختیار زنبورها قرار داشته باشد
بیشتر زنبورداران چند شان عسل را از پاییز برای تغذیه بهاره ذخیره می کنند و این آسان ترین راه غذا دادن به زنبورها است و عسل مرغوب ترین غذایی است که میتوان در اختیار زنبورها قرار داد.
ترکیبات شیمیایی عسل ارتباط مستقیم با نوع پوشش گیاهی شرایط اقلیمی و گونه زنبور عسل دارد. عسل ها را از نقطه نظر های مختلفی بر اثر خواص یا وضع به خصوصشان به شرح زیر تقسیم بندی می کنند:
طبقه بندی انواع عسل ها
متناسب با منبع شهد گل
الف) عسل تک گل
زنبورداران عسل شهد را از روی یک گل خاص جمع آوری می نمایند مانند: عسل شوید ، عسل کنار یا عسل سدر، عسل تگ گل خالص با مشکل زیادی به دست می آید
ب) عسل چند گل
شهد از روی چندین گل جمع آوری می گردد مانند: عسل کوهستان، عسل میوه مانند مرکبات و انواع درختان مثمر و غیر مثمر
متناسب با زمان تولید
الف) عسل بهاره
مانند عسل مرکبات و عسل اقاقیا و درختان میوه که زنبورداران در اوایل بهار جمع آوری می کنند
ب) عسل پاییزه
که تولید آن از اواسط تابستان تا اوایل پاییز صورت می گیرد
متناسب با منطقه تولید
مانند عسل دماوند و عسل کوهرنگ
متناسب با رنگ عسل
عسل بی رنگ مانند عسل اقاقیا، عسل زرد مانند عسل اسپرس، عسل قرمز مانند عسل آویشن
متناسب با نحوه تولید و استخراج
مانند عسل مایع(شهد) عسل کریستالیزه(شکرک زده)، عسل شان، مخلوط عسل مایع با عسل شان و عسل با موم که مخصوص کندو های بومی است به صورت تکه های خرد شده به فروش می رسد
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